路由处理程序允许您使用 Web Request 和 Response API 为给定路由创建自定义请求处理程序。
export async function GET() {
return Response.json({ message: 'Hello World' })
}export async function GET() {
return Response.json({ message: 'Hello World' })
}路由文件允许您为给定路由创建自定义请求处理程序。支持以下 HTTP 方法:GET、POST、PUT、PATCH、DELETE、HEAD 和 OPTIONS。
export async function GET(request: Request) {}
export async function HEAD(request: Request) {}
export async function POST(request: Request) {}
export async function PUT(request: Request) {}
export async function DELETE(request: Request) {}
export async function PATCH(request: Request) {}
// If `OPTIONS` is not defined, Next.js will automatically implement `OPTIONS` and set the appropriate Response `Allow` header depending on the other methods defined in the Route Handler.
export async function OPTIONS(request: Request) {}export async function GET(request) {}
export async function HEAD(request) {}
export async function POST(request) {}
export async function PUT(request) {}
export async function DELETE(request) {}
export async function PATCH(request) {}
// If `OPTIONS` is not defined, Next.js will automatically implement `OPTIONS` and set the appropriate Response `Allow` header depending on the other methods defined in the Route Handler.
export async function OPTIONS(request) {}request(可选)request 对象是一个 NextRequest 对象,它是 Web Request API 的扩展。NextRequest 允许您对传入请求进行更进一步的控制,包括轻松访问 cookies 和一个扩展的、已解析的 URL 对象 nextUrl。
import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server'
export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
const url = request.nextUrl
}export async function GET(request) {
const url = request.nextUrl
}context(可选)params:一个 Promise,解析为一个对象,其中包含当前路由的 动态路由参数。export async function GET(
request: Request,
{ params }: { params: Promise<{ team: string }> }
) {
const { team } = await params
}export async function GET(request, { params }) {
const { team } = await params
}| 示例 | URL | params |
|---|---|---|
app/dashboard/[team]/route.js | /dashboard/1 | Promise<{ team: '1' }> |
app/shop/[tag]/[item]/route.js | /shop/1/2 | Promise<{ tag: '1', item: '2' }> |
app/blog/[...slug]/route.js | /blog/1/2 | Promise<{ slug: ['1', '2'] }> |
您可以使用 RouteContext 类型化路由处理程序上下文,以从路由字面量中获取强类型 params。RouteContext 是一个全局可用的辅助函数。
import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server'
export async function GET(_req: NextRequest, ctx: RouteContext<'/users/[id]'>) {
const { id } = await ctx.params
return Response.json({ id })
}须知
- 类型是在
next dev、next build或next typegen期间生成的。- 类型生成后,
RouteContext辅助函数是全局可用的。它无需导入。
您可以使用 next/headers 中的 cookies 来读取或设置 cookie。
import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
const cookieStore = await cookies()
const a = cookieStore.get('a')
const b = cookieStore.set('b', '1')
const c = cookieStore.delete('c')
}import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
export async function GET(request) {
const cookieStore = await cookies()
const a = cookieStore.get('a')
const b = cookieStore.set('b', '1')
const c = cookieStore.delete('c')
}或者,您可以使用 Set-Cookie 头部返回一个新的 Response。
import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
export async function GET(request: Request) {
const cookieStore = await cookies()
const token = cookieStore.get('token')
return new Response('Hello, Next.js!', {
status: 200,
headers: { 'Set-Cookie': `token=${token.value}` },
})
}import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
export async function GET(request) {
const cookieStore = await cookies()
const token = cookieStore.get('token')
return new Response('Hello, Next.js!', {
status: 200,
headers: { 'Set-Cookie': `token=${token.value}` },
})
}您还可以使用底层的 Web API 从请求中读取 cookie (NextRequest):
import { type NextRequest } from 'next/server'
export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
const token = request.cookies.get('token')
}export async function GET(request) {
const token = request.cookies.get('token')
}您可以使用 next/headers 中的 headers 读取头部信息。
import { headers } from 'next/headers'
import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server'
export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
const headersList = await headers()
const referer = headersList.get('referer')
}import { headers } from 'next/headers'
export async function GET(request) {
const headersList = await headers()
const referer = headersList.get('referer')
}此 headers 实例是只读的。要设置头部,您需要返回一个新的带有新 headers 的 Response。
import { headers } from 'next/headers'
export async function GET(request: Request) {
const headersList = await headers()
const referer = headersList.get('referer')
return new Response('Hello, Next.js!', {
status: 200,
headers: { referer: referer },
})
}import { headers } from 'next/headers'
export async function GET(request) {
const headersList = await headers()
const referer = headersList.get('referer')
return new Response('Hello, Next.js!', {
status: 200,
headers: { referer: referer },
})
}您还可以使用底层的 Web API 从请求中读取头部信息 (NextRequest):
import { type NextRequest } from 'next/server'
export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
const requestHeaders = new Headers(request.headers)
}export async function GET(request) {
const requestHeaders = new Headers(request.headers)
}您可以使用 revalidate 路由段配置选项来 重新验证缓存数据。
export const revalidate = 60
export async function GET() {
const data = await fetch('https://api.vercel.app/blog')
const posts = await data.json()
return Response.json(posts)
}export const revalidate = 60
export async function GET() {
const data = await fetch('https://api.vercel.app/blog')
const posts = await data.json()
return Response.json(posts)
}import { redirect } from 'next/navigation'
export async function GET(request: Request) {
redirect('https://nextjs.org/')
}import { redirect } from 'next/navigation'
export async function GET(request) {
redirect('https://nextjs.org/')
}路由处理程序可以使用 动态段 从动态数据创建请求处理程序。
export async function GET(
request: Request,
{ params }: { params: Promise<{ slug: string }> }
) {
const { slug } = await params // 'a', 'b', or 'c'
}export async function GET(request, { params }) {
const { slug } = await params // 'a', 'b', or 'c'
}| 路由 | 示例 URL | params |
|---|---|---|
app/items/[slug]/route.js | /items/a | Promise<{ slug: 'a' }> |
app/items/[slug]/route.js | /items/b | Promise<{ slug: 'b' }> |
app/items/[slug]/route.js | /items/c | Promise<{ slug: 'c' }> |
传递给路由处理程序的请求对象是一个 NextRequest 实例,它包含 一些额外的便利方法,例如用于更轻松地处理查询参数的方法。
import { type NextRequest } from 'next/server'
export function GET(request: NextRequest) {
const searchParams = request.nextUrl.searchParams
const query = searchParams.get('query')
// query is "hello" for /api/search?query=hello
}export function GET(request) {
const searchParams = request.nextUrl.searchParams
const query = searchParams.get('query')
// query is "hello" for /api/search?query=hello
}流式传输常与大型语言模型 (LLM)(如 OpenAI)结合使用,以生成 AI 内容。了解更多关于 AI SDK 的信息。
import { openai } from '@ai-sdk/openai'
import { StreamingTextResponse, streamText } from 'ai'
export async function POST(req: Request) {
const { messages } = await req.json()
const result = await streamText({
model: openai('gpt-4-turbo'),
messages,
})
return new StreamingTextResponse(result.toAIStream())
}import { openai } from '@ai-sdk/openai'
import { StreamingTextResponse, streamText } from 'ai'
export async function POST(req) {
const { messages } = await req.json()
const result = await streamText({
model: openai('gpt-4-turbo'),
messages,
})
return new StreamingTextResponse(result.toAIStream())
}这些抽象使用 Web API 来创建流。您也可以直接使用底层的 Web API。
// https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/ReadableStream#convert_async_iterator_to_stream
function iteratorToStream(iterator: any) {
return new ReadableStream({
async pull(controller) {
const { value, done } = await iterator.next()
if (done) {
controller.close()
} else {
controller.enqueue(value)
}
},
})
}
function sleep(time: number) {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(resolve, time)
})
}
const encoder = new TextEncoder()
async function* makeIterator() {
yield encoder.encode('<p>One</p>')
await sleep(200)
yield encoder.encode('<p>Two</p>')
await sleep(200)
yield encoder.encode('<p>Three</p>')
}
export async function GET() {
const iterator = makeIterator()
const stream = iteratorToStream(iterator)
return new Response(stream)
}// https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/ReadableStream#convert_async_iterator_to_stream
function iteratorToStream(iterator) {
return new ReadableStream({
async pull(controller) {
const { value, done } = await iterator.next()
if (done) {
controller.close()
} else {
controller.enqueue(value)
}
},
})
}
function sleep(time) {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(resolve, time)
})
}
const encoder = new TextEncoder()
async function* makeIterator() {
yield encoder.encode('<p>One</p>')
await sleep(200)
yield encoder.encode('<p>Two</p>')
await sleep(200)
yield encoder.encode('<p>Three</p>')
}
export async function GET() {
const iterator = makeIterator()
const stream = iteratorToStream(iterator)
return new Response(stream)
}您可以使用标准 Web API 方法读取 Request 的请求体:
export async function POST(request: Request) {
const res = await request.json()
return Response.json({ res })
}export async function POST(request) {
const res = await request.json()
return Response.json({ res })
}您可以使用 request.formData() 函数读取 FormData:
export async function POST(request: Request) {
const formData = await request.formData()
const name = formData.get('name')
const email = formData.get('email')
return Response.json({ name, email })
}export async function POST(request) {
const formData = await request.formData()
const name = formData.get('name')
const email = formData.get('email')
return Response.json({ name, email })
}由于 formData 数据都是字符串,您可能希望使用 zod-form-data 来验证请求并以您喜欢的格式(例如 number)检索数据。
您可以使用标准 Web API 方法为特定的路由处理程序设置 CORS 头部:
export async function GET(request: Request) {
return new Response('Hello, Next.js!', {
status: 200,
headers: {
'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
'Access-Control-Allow-Methods': 'GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS',
'Access-Control-Allow-Headers': 'Content-Type, Authorization',
},
})
}export async function GET(request) {
return new Response('Hello, Next.js!', {
status: 200,
headers: {
'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
'Access-Control-Allow-Methods': 'GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS',
'Access-Control-Allow-Headers': 'Content-Type, Authorization',
},
})
}须知:
- 要为多个路由处理程序添加 CORS 头部,您可以使用 Proxy 或
next.config.js文件。
您可以使用路由处理程序接收来自第三方服务的 Webhooks:
export async function POST(request: Request) {
try {
const text = await request.text()
// Process the webhook payload
} catch (error) {
return new Response(`Webhook error: ${error.message}`, {
status: 400,
})
}
return new Response('Success!', {
status: 200,
})
}export async function POST(request) {
try {
const text = await request.text()
// Process the webhook payload
} catch (error) {
return new Response(`Webhook error: ${error.message}`, {
status: 400,
})
}
return new Response('Success!', {
status: 200,
})
}值得注意的是,与使用 Pages Router 的 API 路由不同,您无需使用 bodyParser 进行任何额外配置。
您可以使用路由处理程序返回非 UI 内容。请注意,sitemap.xml、robots.txt、app icons 和 开放图谱图像 都具有内置支持。
export async function GET() {
return new Response(
`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<rss version="2.0">
<channel>
<title>Next.js Documentation</title>
<link>https://nextjs.org/docs</link>
<description>The React Framework for the Web</description>
</channel>
</rss>`,
{
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'text/xml',
},
}
)
}export async function GET() {
return new Response(`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<rss version="2.0">
<channel>
<title>Next.js Documentation</title>
<link>https://nextjs.org/docs</link>
<description>The React Framework for the Web</description>
</channel>
</rss>`)
}路由处理程序使用与页面和布局相同的 路由段配置。
export const dynamic = 'auto'
export const dynamicParams = true
export const revalidate = false
export const fetchCache = 'auto'
export const runtime = 'nodejs'
export const preferredRegion = 'auto'export const dynamic = 'auto'
export const dynamicParams = true
export const revalidate = false
export const fetchCache = 'auto'
export const runtime = 'nodejs'
export const preferredRegion = 'auto'有关更多详细信息,请参阅 API 参考。
| 版本 | 变更 |
|---|---|
v15.0.0-RC | context.params 现在是一个 Promise。提供了 codemod |
v15.0.0-RC | GET 处理程序的默认缓存从静态更改为动态 |
v13.2.0 | 引入了路由处理程序。 |